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人乳寡糖系列 ---乳糖-N-四糖

  • 1.00元/mg
  • 起订量:10 mg
  • 供货总量:100000 mg
  • 发布时间:2016-12-07产品供应时间:长期有效

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Cat. Number
LNT
Chemical Name
乳糖-N-四糖 Lacto-N-tetraose (LNT)
CAS Number
14116-68-8
Category
Oligosaccharides
Mol. Formula
C26H45NO21
Mol. Weight
707.63
Qty 1
1mg
Qty 2
5mg
Synonym
Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc
Storage condition
2-8°C
References

人乳寡糖系列 ---乳糖-N-四糖 相关产品参考,更多请电话/ 微信  13917439331
LS-Tetrasaccharide a / LSTa / Sialyl-lacto-N-tetraose a     5 mg
Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc
C37H61N2O29Na
FW 1020.86
[64003-58-5]

LS-Tetrasaccharide d / LSTd / Sialyl-Lacto-N-tetraose d    5 mg
Neu5Acα2-3Galβ1-4GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc
C37H61N2O29Na
FW 1020.86
[100789-83-1]

Lacto-N-tetraose-β-O-Aminopropyl / LNT-β-O-AP                 1 mg
Galβ1-4( Fucα1-3)GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ-O-CH2-CH2-CH2-NH2


Lacto-N-tetraose / LNT    5 mg ,25mg
Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc
C26H45NO21
FW 707.62
[14116-68-8]

Glucuronyl-LNT / Glucuronyl-Lacto-N-tetraose    5 mg
GlcAβ1-3Galβ1-3GlcNAcβ1-3Galβ1-4Glc
C32H52NO27Na
FW 883.75
 

 

人乳寡糖系列 ---乳糖-N-四糖 相关产品参考,更多请电话/ 微信  13917439331

Human Milk Oligosaccharides

Our Human Milk Oligosaccharides includes the range shown in Table 1
 

3'-Fucosyllactose 41312-47-4 C18H32O15 488.44
2’-Fucosyllactose 41263-94-9 C18H32O15 488.44
6'-Sialyllactose 56144-12-8 C23H39NO19 633.55
3'-Sialyllactose 35890-38-1 C23H39NO19 633.55
Lacto-N-tetraose 14116-68-8 C26H45NO21 707.63
Lacto-N-neotetraose 13007-32-4 C26H45NO21 707.63
Lacto-N-fucopentaose I 7578-25-8 C32H55NO25 853.77
Lacto-N-fucopentaose II 21973-23-9 C32H55NO25 853.77
Lacto-N-fucopentaose III 25541-09-7 C32H55NO25 853.77
Lacto-N-fucopentaose V 60254-64-0 C32H55NO25 853.77

 

Human breast milk provides the primary source of nutrition for newborns before they are able to eat and digest other foods. One distinctive property of human milk from most other species is the amount and diversity of the free oligosaccharide it contains. These human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) can be present at levels of up to 12 g/l in milk and up to 20 g/l in colostrum.1 HMO have been attributed with a variety of functions including:

1) Prebiotic
2) Decoy carbohydrate
3) Immunomodulation
人乳寡糖系列 ---乳糖-N-四糖 相关产品参考,更多请电话/ 微信  13917439331
HMO Structure
Currently at least 130 unique HMO have been identified, all differing by constituent sugars, molecular weight or structure. Many share a common motif characterized by repetitive attachment of galactose (Gal) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc)2 in a b-glycosidic linkage to lactose. Additional variety is generated by the addition of fucose (termed neutral HMO), e.g. 3'-Fucosyllactose, (05673) or 2-Fucosyllactose, (06739) and sialic acid (termed acidic HMO), e.g. 6'-Sialyllactose, (04398) and 3'-Sialyllactose, (04397). Addition is via a-glucosidic bonds to generate oligosaccharides from three to thirty two sugars in length. Whilst most of the biosyntheis of HMO is not controlled at the gene level (unlike proteins) the presence and position of fucosylation is governed by the Lewis/Secretor status of the mother.3
Dominant neutral oligosaccharides have been identified as lacto-N-tetraose (05683), lacto-N-neotetraose (05765) and lacto-N-fucopentaose I and V (05676 and 06817 respectively)4

Prebiotic Properties of HMO
The most abundant HMO is lacto-N-tetraose which is able to survive the acid environment of the stomach and is not degraded by normal gut enzymes. It therefore can pass down to the lower intestine where it acts as a prebiotic which encourages lower gut colonisation by many bifidobacteria species, which are recognised as essential for normal gut function.5

HMO as Decoy Carbohydrates
Binding to a host cell wall is critical for the virulence of many pathogenic bacteria including Campylobacter jejuni, E.coli, Vibrio cholera, and Shigella and some Salmonella strains. Many of the virulence factors of these organisms are carbohydrate-binding proteins (lectins) which bind sugars displayed on cell membranes. HMO can bind to these lectins acting as decoys and preventing pathogens from sticking to the target cells. An example of this is the inverse relationship between the incidence of C. jejuni, (one of the most predominant causes of diarrhoea in the world) in breast-fed children and levels of 2-fucosyl-lactose in the mother’s milk. (C. jejuni is known to adhere to intestinal 2-fucosyl-lactosamine).6 Similar antimicrobial effects of HMO have also been demonstrated for calicivirus diarrhoea and infections with heat stable enterotoxin of E. coli.7
During ingestion, HMO coat the throat and are known to inhibit adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to human pharyngeal or buccal epithelial cells resulting in the lower incidence of otitis media (inner ear infection) in breast fed babies.8

Immune Role of HMO
Selectins are glycoproteins which are displayed on the surface of many cells of the immune system and are involved with cell/cell interactions such as the infiltration of tissues in inflammation. Selectins bind to specific fucosylated and sialylated oligosaccharides, e.g., sialyl Lewis x (sLex, 04058), on their respective target ligands. HMO share many structural similarities to these carbohydrate ligands and acidic (sialylated) HMO are able to inhibit rolling and adhesion of leucocytes at physiologically relevant concentrations.
One of these selectin interactions is the formation of platelet/neutrophil complexes (PNCs) which lead to the activation of the neutrophils. PNCs are thought to be involved in necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and HMO have been attributed as the agent responsible for the lower incidence of NEC in breast fed infants (85 % lower than formula fed infants) via inhibition of PNC formation.9
Fractions of HMO are also known to inhibit the binding of both Galectins which bind b-Gal and LAcNAc terminated glycans and Siglecs which are specific for terminal sialic acid, their role in immunity or development however has not yet been fully explored.10,11

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